Sustainable City Transport Development and Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions through the Introduction of Biodiesel Fuel

Abstract

Biodiesel, as one of the most effective, alternative, environmentally friendly, and carbon-neutral alternative biofuel, can be especially useful in urban areas, where concentration of vehicles is high and the air is polluted with the harmful emissions from internal combustion engines. The present work is fo­cused on the analysis of the most important characteristics of both biodiesel and conventional (oil-based) diesel fuels; based on its research and findings, the ar­ticle gives the recommendations how to improve the nano-composition of bio­diesel so that it could be more widely used in diesel engines. The oil and acid compositions of biodiesel fuel have been studied and identified through liquid chromatography and the functional groups of the fuel were analyzed using the Fourier IR spectrometer. Based on the results of the research, an improved com­position of biodiesel has been identified, which, while meeting the demands of EN 14105, ASTM D 6751, and EN 590 standards, can significantly reduce green­house gases (GHGs) and harmful emissions.